places appearing in the edition
Albert:
Somme, Hauts-de-France, France
The first stop during Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and
Kit Carson, Breckinridge describes it as being "in the heart of a famous British sector."
The hotel they spent the night in, Hotel de la Paix, was in fact run by a former British
soldier.
Breckinridge also comments on the wreckage of the virgin and child statue on the church
of
Albert, which was destroyed by a shell during the war, and sends her mother postcards
of it.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Anizy:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Appears in:To Family, 31 August 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Antwerp:
Antwerp, Flemish Region, Belgium
The capital of Antwerp province. Interestingly, Breckinridge uses the Belgian name
for the city
rather than the French name, "Anvers," which it is usually her habit to do.
Breckinridge mentions this city as the site to which Captain Fryatt's ship the Brussels
would be towed.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Arras:
Pas-de-Calais, Hauts-de-France, France
During Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and Kit Carson, they
lunch at Arras on the way to Lille from Albert.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Blérancourt:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Blérancourt is a commune within the Aisne department in Northern France. This area
contains a hospital that will be working with the
American Woman's Hospital Association.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Bordeaux:
Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Breckinridge mentions that many of the nurses she works with are graduates of the
famous Florence Nightingale Training school in Bordeaux.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 13 December 1919
Brest:
Brittany, FranceAppears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919
Bruges:
West Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium
The capital of West Flanders. During their week-long vacation, Breckinridge, Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson spent
an afternoon in Bruges, enjoying the scenery after the destruction at Ypres and Dixmude.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
City of Brussels:
Brussels, Belgium
Breckinridge uses the Belgian spelling of "Brussels" instead of the French "Bruxelles."
Another stop on her week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and Kit Carson, they find
Brussels
too modern for their taste but drive through some of it anyway. Here, and on the road
between
Ghent and Brussels as well, Breckinridge comments that the area is not so destroyed
and has
recovered well.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Cambrai:
Nord, Hauts-de-France, France
One of the last stops during Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie,
and Kit Carson: not
for sightseeing this time, but for a place to stay on the way back to Vic. Of the
hotels they
asked about, they found all had been destroyed but the Mouton Blanc, where the manager
recognized them as
part of the American Committee and assured them rooms despite the crowdedness.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Charleroi:
Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium
A city in the French-speaking area of Belgium, and another stop during Breckinridge's
week-long vacation with Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson. The group traveled here from Namur and greatly disliked it,
finding it not only overly modern
but also very disreputable with overly expensive hotels in poor condition.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Coeuvres-et-Valsery:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
At least one of Breckinridge's patients works in the fields here for a living. Her
friend
and patient Gerty Duvauchelle is said to do the washing for "the Valsery farm" as
well.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 29 June 1919
Compeigne:
Oisne, Hauts-de-France, France
According to Breckinridge, "[f]ive men and boys, frail boys of fifteen" arrived in
Vic-sur-Aisne from Compeigne a day before her letter of
1 May 1919, looking for work in the town. It is safe to assume that these are German
soldier-prisoner-vagrants, because Breckinridge
indicates that there already are 600 German prisoners working for Vic-sur-Aisne. Breckinridge
and her colleagues "boiled" at the
outcome of providing for the incoming men, at the very least to travel back to their
point of origin, which further indicates the general
German antipathy of postwar France.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 12 April 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Coucy:
, , France
Appears in:To Family, 31 August 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Diksmuide:
West Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium
Referred to as Diksmuide in Belgium, Breckinridge uses the French pronunciation
"Dixmude" instead. During her week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie,
and Kit Carson, she makes special note of the road between Ypres and Dixmude and
its "utter desolation." It was full of trenches which Breckinridge describes as
lacking drainage, and as her group passed through the area on a cold, snowy night,
they were able to better appreciate what the British soldiers went through there.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Eureka Springs:
Arkansas, United States
Breckenridge mentions this small US town a few times. She lived here for several years
before moving to Paris.
While in Eureka Springs, she taught hygiene and French at a women's school where her
husband was president.
Appears in:
La Ferté-Milon:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge mentions that she has lunched with a French Baron and his wife (Louis
Henri Baron Le Pelletier and Louise Octavie Baudenent Baroness Le Pelletier) who live
in and are good to their village near La Ferté-Milon. The couple, Breckinridge indicates,
are "extreme socialists" in opposition to the current "reactionary" government of
France, i.e., the postwar Bloc National.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919
Fontenoy:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
A commune in the Aisne department. Breckenridge mentions taking Mrs. Daggett from
the Delineator
here, and describes it as the "tragic ruins of what was once one of the loveliest
villages."
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919
Ghent:
East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium
Breckinridge refers to this city by its Belgian name rather than the French version
of it, "Gand."
During her week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and Kit Carson, they spent the
night in a hotel
there but did not otherwise explore the area, seeing it as "a modern industrial city"
and not really
a place of interest. She does, however, compliment the charm of the roads from Bruges
to Ghent and from
Ghent to Brussels.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Huy:
Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
A city in the French-speaking area of Belgium, and another stop during Breckinridge's
week-long vacation with Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson. Briefly mentioned as a lunch destination; the passage from
Liege to Huy is
described as being an industrial area.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Laon:
Hauts-de-France, Aisne, France
The capital city of the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France.
Breckenridge writes that the American Committee for Devastated France has a unit there.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 12 April 1919
Laversine:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
This is where the Boulangers, patients of Breckinridge's who are mentioned in multiple
letters, reside.
Appears in:To Family, 31 August 1919
Liège:
Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
A city in the French-speaking area of Belgium, and another stop during Breckinridge's
week-long vacation with Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson. Despite its also being "a big modern industrial town," they
enjoyed visiting some of the older
areas of it and went to the movies while they were there.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Lille:
Nord, Hauts-de-France, France
Capital of the Hauts-de-France region.
Breckinridge visits it more than once: first for work, and again later on when she
is vacationing with friends.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Lueven:
Flemish Brabant, Flemish Region, Belgium
Breckinridge once again switches to using the French spelling for the name of the
region: "Louvain" rather
than "Lueven."
A side trip from Brussels during Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie,
and Kit Carson.
She describes it as being famous and notes that most of the town is not destroyed
even though there are
still ruins present.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Luzancy:
Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
Description for Luzancy.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919
Meuse:
A major European river which passes through Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.
The coordinates available for the river were its source and mouth, neither of which
are the section of river to which
Breckinridge refers in her letters. She specifically mentions it when she describes
Liège's appearance, since the city is
located in the Meuse Valley. Therefore, because the relevant part of the river is
so specific to Liège, the coordinates
given for Meuse in this edition exactly match Liège's.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
St. Mihiel:
Grand Est, Meuse, France
A commune in north-eastern France as well as a battle site during the war.
Breckenridge mentions a widow whose husband was killed here.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919
Fort Monroe:
Hampton, Virginia, United States of America
Breckinridge writes to her mother that her sister Lees and Lees' new husband Warren
Dunn, a captain in the Army, have recently
departed France after a brief visit in Paris. She indicates that Lees and Dunn hope
for the latter to be transferred to "Fortress Monroe" (as it was called at the time)
on the coast of Virginia to find more stability and regularity in their lives after
the war. A storied, historic, and bustling military base by the time
of Breckinridge's writing (especially for its significance during the American Civil
War), Fort Monroe was decommissioned and made a national monument in 2011.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919
Mons:
Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium
A city in the French-speaking area of Belgium, and another stop during Breckinridge's
week-long vacation with Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson. This was the last area in Belgium that they visited, immediately
after Charleroi, and Breckinridge
speaks highly of its scenery and food.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Montgobert:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge cites Montgobert as an example of the negative effect of German prison
labor on the local economies of the French countryside.
According to Breckinridge, wages dropped in Montgobert from 22 sous per hour to 16
sous per hour as a result of the cheaper prisoner labor
that was offered to businesses and land owners. In addition, Breckinridge laments,
the "up front" payment for what we might now call contractors
dropped precipitously as a result of the influx of German POW workers.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 29 June 1919To Family, 31 August 1919
Mortefontaine:
Oise, France
A commune in northern France. Breckenridge mentions a particular place, Ferté farm,
located here.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919
Namur:
Namur, Wallonia, Belgium
A city in the French-speaking area of Belgium, and another stop during Breckinridge's
week-long vacation with Barney,
Lummie, and Kit Carson. They enjoyed Namur and visited a fort there, and bought Quaker
oats to bring back to Vic.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
New York:
United States of America
Mentioned at various points throughout Breckinridge's letters, New York seems to be
a base of operations for the American Committee.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 29 June 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Ostend:
West Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium
Breckinridge uses the French name for the city, "Ostende," rather than the Belgian
"Ostend."
Another brief stop on her week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and Kit Carson,
they
spent the night at a hotel here but did not seem to linger in the area very long.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Paris:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Visiting Paris was not uncommon for Breckinridge during her time in the Aisne. In
the letters of this edition, she
mentions staying in her sister Lees's apartment house during the early months of 1919
before Lees's husband Warren, a captain in the
Army, is sent elsewhere after serving in the postwar occupation of German lands. Moreover,
Paris is an important networking hub for
Breckinridge as she meets with public figures and people of interest as they pass
through the region.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 29 June 1919To Family, 31 August 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 13 December 1919
Chateau de Pierrefonds:
Oise, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge writes to her mother that "five of us drove" to the Chateau de Pierrefonds.
She says the area did not have much damage from the war, but many areas around it
did,
so refugees went to Pierrefonds.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919
Saint-Quentin:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
At the end of Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie, and Kit Carson,
they lunched here right before arriving back in Vic.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Silly-la-Poterie:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge socializes with Louis Henri Baron Le Pelletier and his wife Louise Octavie
Baudenent Baroness Le Pelletier, who reside in the village of
Silly-la-Poterie near La Ferté-Milon, the latter of which which Breckinridge names
in her correspondence. The couple, Breckinridge indicates,
are "extreme socialists" in opposition to the current "reactionary" government of
France, i.e., the postwar Bloc National.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919
Soissons:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
A commune in the Aisne department, where the American Committee for Devastated France
has a unit.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 12 April 1919To Family, 31 August 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Château-Thierry:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge briefly mentions being familiar with the battleground here while drawing
comparisons between ruins she has encountered before and the road between Ypres and
Dixmude.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Verdun:
Meuse, Grand Est, France
Breckinridge mentions making a visit to Verdun with the Parsons using Mrs. Dike's
limousine: a rare instance of her taking time off from work.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919
Vic-sur-Aisne:
Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France
Breckinridge was stationed in Vic-sur-Aisne.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 23 March 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 1 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 18 May 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 29 June 1919To Family, 31 August 1919To Lees Breckinridge, 13 October 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919To Katherine Breckinridge, 13 December 1919
Ypres:
West Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium
Another destination point during Breckinridge's week-long vacation with Barney, Lummie,
and Kit Carson. Breckinridge is especially struck by the ruins in this area.
Appears in:To Katherine Breckinridge, 25 November 1919