Foreword

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Overview

Water Use

Topography of the County

Geology of the County

Groundwater Availability

Exploration for Groundwater

Karst

Water Quality

Maps and Data

Additional Reading

References Cited

Definitions of Geologic Terms

Rock Descriptions

In Pendleton County, water is obtained from consolidated sedimentary rocks of Ordovician age and unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age. The oldest rocks found on the surface in Pendleton County, those of the Lexington Limestone, were deposited in shallow seas 490 million years ago during the Ordovician. In the Late Ordovician the seas became relatively shallow, as indicated by the amounts of mud (shale) in the sediments. When the waters were clear and warm, a profusion of animal life developed, particularly brachiopods and bryozoa. Over the last million years unconsolidated Quaternary sediments have been deposited along the larger streams and rivers.

Geologic Formations in the County
Unconsolidated deposits
ALLUVIUM (Qa), GLACIAL SEDIMENTS (Qg)
HIGH-LEVEL FLUVIAL DEPOSITS (QTf)

Limestones
LEXINGTON LIMESTONE (Tanglewood Limestone, Grier, Logana Members) (Ol)
HIGH BRIDGE GROUP (Ohb)

Dolomites
KNOX GROUP (Okx)

Interbedded limestones and shales
GRANT LAKE LIMESTONE / FAIRVIEW FORMATION (Oaf)
CLAYS FERRY FORMATION and its POINT PLEASANT TONGUE (Okc)

Interbedded shales and limestones
KOPE FORMATION (Ok)

For more information, see the definitions of geologic terms and rock descriptions, a geologic map of the county, a summary of the geology of Kentucky, and a discussion of fossils and prehistoric life in Kentucky.

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