Lecture Sixteen
Isoprenoids
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Reading Assignment for the 3rd isoprenoid
lecture
( a)
REQUIRED:
LECTURE
16:
ISOPRENOIDS: biosynthesis of select isoprenoids; more examples of metabolic regulation):
1 Joe Chappell. 2002. The genetics and molecular genetics of terpene and sterol origami. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5: 151-157.
b) OPTIONAL:
1 - Bohlmann, et al., (2000) Terpenoid Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cDNA cloning, Characterization, and Functional Expression of a Myrcene/(E)-ß-Ocimene Synthase. Arch. of Biochem. and Biophys. 375: 261-269.
2 - Gerhard Sandmann. 2001. Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis: strategies, problems and achievements. Trends in Plant Science 6: 14-17.
3 - Demmig-Adams and Adams. 2002. Antioxidants in Photosynthesis and Human Nutrition . Science 298: 2149-2153.
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PLS 609 notes OUTLINE I. More syntheses:
II. Sterol/sesquiterpene regulation model (Chappell).
Pathway - possibility for metabolic channeling
Cyclic monoterpenes include the characteristic and principal constituents of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and spearmint (M. spicata) essential oils. Limonene is an intermediate in the formation of these mint aroma compounds (Fig. 24.16).
Numerous other modified cyclic isoprenoids are found in plants and many have important properties in pest resistance or control, medicine, etc. (Fig. 24.17).
The importance of carotenoids as antioxidants in photosynthesis and nutrition was discussed in an article by Demmig-Adams and Adams late in 2002.
Fig. 2 Demmig-Adams and Adams:
Plants make various triterpenes in addition to sterols which are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells.
An example of branch point regulation. The addition of elicitor causes suppression of squalene synthetase and induction of sesquiterpene cyclase (Newman & Chappell, 1999. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology 34:95-106)
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Reading Assignment for the 1st
Phenylpropanoid
lecture: a)
REQUIRED: 1 - Brenda
Winkel-Shirley. 2002. Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress.
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5: 218-223.
2 - Chapter
24, sections 24.9, 24.10 and 24.12 of the Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants
class text. b)
OPTIONAL: 1 - Yuko Fukui, Yoshikazu
Tanakaa, Takaaki Kusumia, Takashi Iwashitab and Kyosuke Nomoto.
2003. A rationale for the shift in colour towards blue in transgenic carnation flowers expressing the flavonoid 3',5'-
hydroxylase gene. Phytochemistry 63: 15-23.
2 - Van Eenennaam, A.L., Kim Lincoln, Timothy P. Durrett, Henry E. Valentin, Christine K. Shewmaker, Greg M. Thorne, Jian Jiang, Susan R. Baszis, Charlene K. Levering, Eric D. Aasen, Ming Hao, Joshua C. Stein, Susan R. Norris, and Robert L. Last. 2003. Engineering Vitamin E Content: From Arabidopsis Mutant to Soy Oil. Plant Cell: 15 3007-3019.
3 - Dixon, R.A. 1999. Isoflavonoids: biochemistry, molecular biology and biological functions. In Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry, Vol. 1 (Sankawa, U., ed.) Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 773-823.
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